Abstract:The bottom-blown melting process is an advanced lead refining technology with independent intellectual property rights in China. The lead bottom-blown melting furnace is the central apparatus of this process, and the interaction of multiphase flow between the melt and oxygen-enriched air in the furnace is critical for the smelting process. Therefore, applying the lead bottom-blown melting furnace as a prototype, The physical model of the furnace and the mathematical model of gas-liquid two-phase flow within the furnace were established, and the numerical simulation and analysis of the basic operating conditions in the furnace were carried out, and the key parameters and their influence mechanisms were obtained. The results indicate that under the benchmark condition, the average residence time of oxygen-enriched air in the melting bath is 0.35 s, the average fluid velocity in this region is 0.18 m/s, the average turbulence kinetic energy is 0.092 m2/s2, and the gas-phase rise velocity is approximately 4 m/s. The active reaction zone is primarily distributed near the oxygen lance and close to the liquid surface of the melting bath, where the gas content reaches 5.02% after stabilization. The melt spattering phenomenon on the upper furnace roof of oxygen gun is more serious.