Abstract:As the key industry in CO2 emission, electrolytic aluminum is of great significance in its carbon peak and deep carbon reduction tasks. Under the background that the electrolytic aluminum industry will soon be included in China""s national carbon market, based on the analysis of emission characteristics of electrolytic aluminum production, the carbon emission accounting methods and carbon quota allocation methods of domestic and international electrolytic aluminum enterprises were sorted out. Taking Yunnan Province as an example, the current challenges such as double-counting of CO2 emissions from electricity, 4failure to reflect the advantages of green power, insufficient power supply capacity, and impact of carbon tariff on product exports were analyzed. In the future, it is still necessary to make efforts from multiple aspects such as policy systems, market mechanisms, and technological innovation to deepen the green and low-carbon development of the electrolytic aluminum industry and forge new competitive advantages.