Abstract:Xichuan iron smelting site is located at 300 m from Xichuan village, Xiaoling town, Acheng city, Heilongjiang province, covering an area of about 5 000m2 and dating from the Jin Dynasty. Field survey sampling was conducted on the site in July 2021. The compositional analysis and microstructural observation of 17 samples of smelting slag and furnace wall debris from the Xichuan iron smelting site were carried out using experimental means such as X-ray fluorescence instrument and gold (mineral) phase microscope. The experimental results indicate that the Xichuan iron smelting site is a cast iron smelting site, and the cast iron slag is Si-Mn-Fe-Al-Ca multiple slag, and the microstructure of iron particles in the cast iron slag is dominated by flaky graphite and pearlite. The high iron slag in the slag samples may be the pudding steel.