Abstract:The metallurgical site of Tielucun belonged to Yuan and Ming Dynasties is located at the foot of the hill near Tielu village, Chuanbu town, Luoding city, Guangdong province. The remaining area of the site is about 200 m2. Our work group has carried out fieldwork and sampling at the site for many times since 2013. In this study, the composition and microstructure of 7 slag samples and 2 metal iron samples collected from the site found at Tielucun were analyzed by using metallographic microscopy and SEM-EDS. The date of the site is investigated by using the method of 14C-AMS. The results show that the site is not only a site of smelting cast iron but also a site of puddling steel. The smelting slags of cast iron are high silicon content. The microstructure of the two samples taken from a bulk of metal remained at the site is mainly ferrite with serious phosphorus segregation, which are the products of puddling steel, and its corresponding slags are the remained high iron slags of which contain a lots wüstite in parts. It is the first time to confirm clearly the puddling steel-making site of remaining the puddled steel products in ancient China. The remains of one shaft furnace, cast iron smelting slags, one puddling furnace, and the puddled steel products and their slags etc., a complete set of the chain of evidences of cast iron smelting and the puddling steel-making, is the only one site found in ancient China to date. The study will be very useful for establishing the norms of identifying those slags among the bloomery iron smelting, and the puddling steel-making, as well as cast iron refinery process. The result of 14C-AMS shows that the metallurgical activities of the cast iron smelting and puddling steel-making employed at the site begins at least about 570±25 (BP).