Abstract:Typical concentration area of nonferrous metal smelting enterprises in South China was applied as research object, contents of Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Hg, Cu, Cr（Ⅵ） and Ni in topsoil within boundary of smelting enterprises were determined and analyzed. Single pollution index, Nemero synthesis pollution index, potential ecological hazard index, and health risk assessment model were used to evaluate degree and risk of heavy metals pollution in production area, storage area, wastewater treatment area, solid waste storage area or disposal area of the smelter. The results show that soil in the smelter is polluted by Cd, Pb, as and Zn in varying degrees. The risk assessment results show that there is a strong potential ecological risk in the smelter, and Cd, As and Zn are the main ecological hazard elements. The element of As has non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, and the element of Pb has non-carcinogenic risk. Pollution in the smelter is mainly concentrated in the production area and wastewater treatment area.